% BibTeX bibliography file

@Proceedings{pervasive2002,
  title = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  editor = {Friedemann Mattern and Mahmoud Naghshineh},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL = {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2414.htm}
}

@InProceedings{raman:sahara,
  author = {Bhaskaran Raman and Sharad Agarwal and Yan Chen and Matthew Casar
  and Weidong Cui and Per Johansson and Kevin Lai and Tal Lavian and Sridhar
  Machiraju and Z. Morley Mao Lakshimanrayanan Subramanian and Takashi Suzuki
  and Shelley Zhuang and Anthony D. Joseph and Randy H. Katz and Ion Stoica},
  title = {The {SAHARA} Model for Service Composition across Multiple
  Providers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {1--14},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {Invited paper},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140001.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2414/24140001.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing, service composition, network services},
  abstract = {Services are capabilities that enable applications and are of
  crucial importance to pervasive computing in next-generation networks.
  Service Composition is the construction of complex services from primitive
  ones; thus enabling rapid and flexible creation of new services. The presence
  of multiple independent service providers poses new and significant
  challenges. Managing trust across providers and verifying the performance of
  the components in composition become essential issues. Adapting the composed
  service to network and user dynamics by choosing service providers and
  instances is yet another challenge. In SAHARA1, we are developing a
  comprehensive architecture for the creation, placement, and management of
  services for composition across independent providers. In this paper, we
  present a layered reference model for composition based on a classification
  of different kinds of composition. We then discuss the different overarching
  mechanisms necessary for the successful deployment of such an architecture
  through a variety of case-studies involving composition.}
}

@InProceedings{herrtwich:automotive,
  author = {Ralf G. Herrtwich},
  title = {Ubiquitous Computing in the Automotive Domain},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {15},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {Invited talk.},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140015.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140015.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing, telematics},
  abstract = {Examples for ubiquitous computing applications usually come from
  the household domain. Typical lists include microwave ovens with integrated
  web-pads, refrigerators or washing machines with remote Internet connections
  for maintenance access, and even instrumented coffee mugs or clothes. While
  many of these examples have substantial entertainment value, the likelihood
  of their realization and pervasive deployment in the not too distant future
  is questionable. There is, however, another application domain for ubiquitous
  computing which holds substantial promise, but is often overlooked: the
  automotive sector. \par Cars are fairly attractive protagonists for
  ubiquitous computing: They are large enough to have communication devices
  integrated in them, in fact, a substantial portion of them has integrated
  phones today. They come with their own power source which can also feed their
  communica-tions equipment. Their price is some orders of magnitude higher
  than that of the device to be included, so the relative price increase to
  make them communicate is small. And, perhaps most importantly, some services
  such as mayday, remote tracking, or telediagnosis make vehicle connectivity
  desirable for car buyers and car manufacturers alike. \par In this talk, we
  discuss how ubiquitous computing in the automotive domain can become a
  reality. We investigate the principal services resulting from
  network-connected cars, focussing on vehicle-originated rather than
  passenger-related communication as we believe that ubiquitous computing is
  more about communicating machines than communicating humans. Within the
  vehicle-centric services identified, we distinguish between client/server and
  peer-to-peer applications, resulting in different communication requirements
  and system setups. We outline some network solutions to meet these
  requirements, including technologies for car-to-infrastructure and car-to-car
  communication in different regions of the world. We conclude by discussing
  the overall effect which these developments may have on the automotive
  industry.}
}

@InProceedings{hess:applications,
  author = {Christopher K. Hess and Manuel Rom\'an and Roy H. Campbell},
  title = {Building Applications for Ubiquitous Computing Environments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {16--29},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140016.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140016.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing, smart space, ubicomp application framework},
  abstract = {Ubiquitous computing embodies a fundamental change from
  traditional desktop computing. The computational environment is augmented
  with heterogeneous devices, choice of input and output devices, mobile users,
  and contextual information. The design of systems and applications needs to
  accommodate this new operating environment. In this paper, we present our
  vision of future computing environments we term User Virtual Spaces, the
  challenges facing developers, and how they motivate the need for new
  application design. We present our approach for developing applications that
  are portable across ubiquitous computing environments and describe how we use
  contextual information to store and organize application data and user
  preferences. We present an application we have implemented that illustrates
  the advantages of our techniques in this new computing environment.}
}

@InProceedings{arnstein:case-study,
  author = {Larry Arnstein and Robert Grimm and Chia-Yang Hung and Jong Hee
  Kang and Anthony LaMarca and Gary Look and Stefan B. Sigurdsson and Jong Su
  and Gaetano Borriello},
  title = {Systems Support for Ubiquitous Computing: A Case Study of Two
  Implementations of {Labscape}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {30--44},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140030.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140030.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing, ubicomp, component-based software, case
  study},
  abstract = {Labscape, a ubiquitous computing environment for cell biologists,
  was implemented twice: once using only standard tools for distributed systems
  (TCP sockets and shared file systems) and once using one.world, a runtime
  system designed specifically to support ubiquitous applications. We analyze
  Labscape in terms of the system properties that are required to provide a
  fluid user experience. Though the two implementations are functionally and
  architecturally similar, we found a significant difference in the degree to
  which they each exhibited the required properties. The fact that one.world
  was not designed specifically with Labscape in mind yet was found to support
  the application's requirements well suggests that ubiquitous applications
  have many aspects in common, and can benefit from a system support layer for
  coping with dynamic environments. We present, in detail, the concepts
  embodied in one.world that we have found to be most important for Labscape,
  and how some of these concepts might be extended.}
}

@InProceedings{lueg:gap,
  author = {Christopher Lueg},
  title = {On the Gap between Vision and Feasibility},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {45--57},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140045.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140045.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {Information appliances, user interfaces, and context-aware
  devices are necessarily based on approximations of potential users and usage
  situations. However, it is not an unusual experience for developers that in
  some areas, appropriate approximations are extremely difficult to realize.
  Often, these difficulties are not apparent from the beginning. Nevertheless,
  difficulties are rarely addressed in the pervasive computing literature as
  they appear to be peripheral compared to the technical challenges. In this
  paper, we argue that the field would largely benefit from addressing these
  issues explicitly. First, focussed discussions would help identify areas that
  have already shown to be difficult or even intractable in related
  disciplines, such as AI or CSCW. Second, it would help developers become
  aware of the difficulties and would allow them to deliberately circumvent
  such areas. We use example scenarios from the pervasive computing literature
  to illustrate these points. Difficulties to describe and to analyze impacts
  of pervasive computing applications indicate a need for an analysis framework
  providing a specific terminology.}
}

@InProceedings{levy:fastap,
  author = {David Levy},
  title = {The {Fastap} Keyboard and Pervasive Computing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {58--68},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140058.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140058.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {The need for an effective and adaptable data input method is
  fundamental to pervasive computing on hand held devices. The Fastap keypad is
  a new paradigm of keyed input, providing more functionality in a smaller
  space than previously considered possible. Fastap technology may prove a
  useful advance to the widespread adoption of the mobile Internet, especially
  messaging, and more broadly to pervasive computing in general. The purpose of
  this white paper is to provide a framework for understanding the problems
  with existing mobile telephone interfaces, to introduce the Fastap technology
  and to qualify the assertion that the technology is a fundamental advance in
  keyed input that is well-suited as a replacement of the existing 12-button
  telephone interface.}
}

@InProceedings{bayon:school,
  author = {Victor Bayon and Tom Rodden and Chris Greenhalgh and Steve
  Benford},
  title = {Going Back to School: Putting a Pervasive Environment into the Real
  World},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {69--83},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140069.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140069.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing, experience, virtual whiteboard},
  abstract = {This paper presents the lessons learnt from the development of a
  ubiquitous computing environment for use within the real world. Such systems
  are currently purpose built demonstrators, often within research labs. This
  paper is based on the development of a storytelling environment for use
  within schools. This migration - from the lab to the school - required the
  redevelopment of the platform, and highlighted the importance of providing
  support for the maintenance and management of the environment when access to
  a sophisticated infrastructure and dedicated space can no longer be
  guaranteed.}
}

@InProceedings{ferscha:webwall,
  author = {Alois Ferscha and Simon Vogl},
  title = {Pervasive Web Access via Public Communication Walls},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {84--97},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140084.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140084.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing, web, WWW, ubicomp},
  abstract = {Multi-user communication and interaction via public displays
  together the pervasive and seamless access to the WWW in public areas via
  mobile phones or handheld devices is enabled via the WebWall system. A
  software framework for the operation of WebWalls has been developed, strictly
  separating WebWall access technologies (like HTTP, email, SMS, WAP, EMS, MMS
  or even simple paging protocols found on mobile phones) from the physical
  display technologies used and the presentation logic involved. The
  architecture integrates ubiquitous wireless networks (GSM, IEEE802.11b),
  allowing a vast community of mobile users to access the WWW via public
  communication displays in an ad-hoc mode. A centralized backend
  infrastructure hosting content posted by users in a display independent
  format has been developed together with rendering engines exploiting the
  particular features of the respective physical output devices installed in
  public areas like airports, trainstations, public buildings, lecture halls,
  fun and leisure centres and even car navigation systems. A variety of
  different modular service classes has been developed to support the posting
  or pulling of WWW media elements ranging from simple sticky notes, opinion
  polls, auctions, image and video galleries to mobile phone controlled web
  browsing.}
}

@InProceedings{vogt:rfid,
  author = {Harald Vogt},
  title = {Efficient Object Identification with Passive {RFID} Tags},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {98--113},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140098.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140098.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {Radio frequency identification systems with passive tags are
  powerful tools for object identification. However, if multiple tags are to be
  identified simultaneously, messages from the tags can collide and cancel each
  other out. Therefore, multiple read cycles have to be performed in order to
  achieve a high recognition rate. For a typical stochastic anti-collision
  scheme, we show how to determine the optimal number of read cycles to perform
  under a given assurance level determining the acceptable rate of missed tags.
  This yields an efficient procedure for object identification. We also present
  results on the performance of an implementation.}
}

@InProceedings{clarke:untrusted,
  author = {Dwaine Clarke and Blaise Gassend and Thomas Kotwal and Matt
  Burnside and Marten van Dijk and Srinivas Devadas and Ronald Rivest},
  title = {The Untrusted Computer Problem and Camera-Based Authentication},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {114--124},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140114.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140114.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {he use of computers in public places is increasingly common in
  everyday life. In using one of these computers, a user is trusting it to
  correctly carry out her orders. For many transactions, particularly banking
  operations, blind trust in a public terminal will not satisfy most users. In
  this paper the aim is therefore to provide the user with authenticated
  communication between herself and a remote trusted computer, via the
  untrusted computer. \par After defining the authentication problem that is to
  be solved, this paper reduces it to a simpler problem. Solutions to the
  simpler problem are explored in which the user carries a trusted device with
  her. Finally, a description is given of two camera-based devices that are
  being developed.}
}

@InProceedings{tuulari:soapbox,
  author = {Esa Tuulari and Arto Ylisaukko-oja},
  title = {{SoapBox}: A Platform for Ubiquitous Computing Research and
  Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {125--138},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140125.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140125.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {Designing, implementing and evaluating prototypes is a normal way
  of doing technical research. In recent years we have seen lots of research
  prototypes specifically designed for context awareness, future user
  interfaces and intelligent environment research. The problem with this type
  of specialised prototypes is that their lifetime is rather short and the
  valuable work done for them is not easily reusable. Our approach has been
  different as we have deliberately aimed towards a multipurpose platform that
  would be suitable for various ubiquitous computing related research themes.
  In this article we present the design and implementation of the platform that
  is named as SoapBox (Sensing, Operating andActivating Peripheral Box). Its
  main features are wired and wireless communications, in-built sensors, small
  size and low power consumption. We also introduce some results of research
  projects that have already used the platform successfully. Finally we
  conclude the paper with application scenarios for further work.}
}

@InProceedings{lifton:pushpin,
  author = {Joshua Lifton and Deva Seetharam and Michael Broxton and Joseph
  Paradiso},
  title = {Pushpin Computing System Overview: a Platform for Distributed,
  Embedded, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {139--151},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140139.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140139.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {A hardware and software platform has been designed and
  implemented for modeling, testing, and deploying distributed peer-to-peer
  sensor networks comprised of many identical nodes. Each node possesses the
  tangible affordances of a commonplace pushpin to meet ease-of-use and power
  considerations. The sensing, computational, and communication abilities of a
  "Pushpin", as well as a "Pushpin" operating system supporting mobile
  computational processes are treated in detail. Example applications and
  future work are discussed.}
}

@InProceedings{lamarca:robots,
  author = {Anthony LaMarca and Waylon Brunette and David Koizumi and Matthew
  Lease and Stefan B. Sigurdsson and Kevin Sikorski and Dieter Fox and Gaetano
  Borriello},
  title = {Making Sensor Networks Practical with Robots},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {162--166},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140162.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140162.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {While wireless sensor networks offer new capabilities, there are
  a number of issues that hinder their deployment in practice. We argue that
  robotics can solve or greatly reduce the impact of many of these issues. Our
  hypothesis has been tested in the context of an autonomous system to care for
  houseplants that we have deployed in our office environment. This paper
  describes what we believe is needed to make sensor networks practical, the
  role robots can play in accomplishing this, and the results we have obtained
  in developing our application.}
}

@InProceedings{henricksen:modeling,
  author = {Karen Henricksen and Jadwiga Indulska and Andry Rakotonirainy},
  title = {Modeling Context Information in Pervasive Computing Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {167--180},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140167.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140167.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {As computing becomes more pervasive, the nature of applications
  must change accordingly. In particular, applications must become more
  flexible in order to respond to highly dynamic computing environments, and
  more autonomous, to reflect the growing ratio of applications to users and
  the corresponding decline in the attention a user can devote to each. That
  is, applications must become more context-aware. To facilitate the
  programming of such applications, infrastructure is required to gather,
  manage, and disseminate context information to applications. This paper is
  concerned with the development of appropriate context modeling concepts for
  pervasive computing, which can form the basis for such a context management
  infrastructure. This model overcomes problems associated with previous
  context models, including their lack of formality and generality, and also
  tackles issues such as wide variations in information quality, the existence
  of complex relationships amongst context information and temporal aspects of
  context.}
}

@InProceedings{schubiger-banz:model,
  author = {Simon Schubiger-Banz and B\'eat Hirsbrunner},
  title = {A Model for Software Configuration in Ubiquitous Computing
  Environments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {181--194},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140181.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140181.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {Software configuration in a heterogeneous and dynamic environment
  such as ubiquitous computing is a challenging task. This paper presents the
  COCA model, which transforms heterogeneous ubiquitous computing resources
  through a process called classification into a conceptualized representation,
  which allows high-level manipulation and configuration by ubiquitous
  computing applications. A multi-modal ubiquitous computing application serves
  as a sample implementation of the model that uses an automatic software
  configuration process to dynamically adapt to changes in the environment.}
}

@InProceedings{balazinska:twine,
  author = {Magdalena Balazinska and Hari Balakrishnan and David Karger},
  title = {{INS/Twine}: A Scalable Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Intentional
  Resource Discovery},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {195--210},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140195.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140195.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {The decreasing cost of computing technology is speeding the
  deployment of abundant ubiquitous computation and communication. With
  increasingly large and dynamic computing environments comes the challenge of
  scalable resource discovery, where client applications search for resources
  (services, devices, etc.) on the network by describing some attributes of
  what they are looking for. This is normally achieved through directory
  services (also called resolvers), which store resource information and
  resolve queries. This paper describes the design, implementation, and
  evaluation of INS/Twine, an approach to scalable intentional resource
  discovery, where resolvers collaborate as peers to distribute resource
  information and to resolve queries. Our system maps resources to resolvers by
  transforming descriptions into numeric keys in a manner that preserves their
  expressiveness, facilitates even data distribution and enables efficient
  query resolution. Additionally, INS/Twine handles resource and resolver
  dynamism by treating all data as soft-state.}
}

@InProceedings{vildjiounaite:location,
  author = {Elena Vildjiounaite and Esko-Juhani Malm and Jouni Kaartinen and
  Petteri Alahuhta},
  title = {Location Estimation Indoors by Means of Small Computing Power
  Devices, Accelerometers, Magnetic Sensors and Map Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {211--224},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140211.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140211.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {A distributed real-time system, based on wearable accelerometers
  and magnetic sensors, is proposed for location estimation and recognition of
  walking behaviors. Suitable for both outdoor and indoor navigation, the
  system is especially adjusted for irregular movements indoors. The algorithm,
  which demands only small computing resources, performs step detection and
  classification in the time domain, allowing the estimation of the size of
  each separate step independently. Since the system finds the user's position
  relative to an initial position, it is intended to be supplemented with
  different types of absolute positioning information. Making use of map
  knowledge, as an easily available source of this information, is analyzed.
  The conclusion is drawn that referring to the locations of the corridors and
  stairways increases the positioning accuracy and reduces the effect of
  magnetic field distortions encountered inside buildings. The positioning
  error of different system configurations was 3-10\% from traveled distance.}
}

@InProceedings{kubach:benefit,
  author = {Uwe Kubach and Kurt Rothermel},
  title = {Estimating the Benefit of Location-Awareness for Mobile Data
  Management Mechanisms},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {225--238},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140225.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140225.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {With the increasing popularity of mobile computing devices, the
  need to access information in mobile environments has also grown rapidly. In
  order to support such mobile information accesses, location-based services
  and mobile information systems often rely on location-aware data management
  mechanisms like location-aware caching, data dissemination or prefetching. As
  we explain in this paper, the location-awareness of such mechanisms is only
  useful, if the accessed information is location-dependent, i.e. if the
  probability with that a certain information object is accessed depends on the
  user's location. \par Although the location-dependency of the accessed
  information is crucial for the efficiency of location-aware data management
  mechanisms and the benefit they can get out of their location-awareness, no
  metric to measure the location-dependency of information has been proposed so
  far. In this paper, we describe such a metric together with a second one for
  a further important characteristic of mobile information accesses, the
  so-called focus.}
}

@InProceedings{nakanishi:icams,
  author = {Yasuto Nakanishi and Kazunari Takahashi and Takayuki Tsuji and
  Katsuya Hakozaki},
  title = {{iCAMS}: A Mobile Communication Tool Using Location and Schedule
  Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {239--252},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140239.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140239.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {We have developed a communication support system that estimates
  the situation of a person using schedule information and location information
  provided by a PHS (Personal Handy Phone System). From the lessons provided by
  our prior studies and inventions, we developed a new mobile communication
  tool for cellular phones that uses location information and schedule
  information. This is a kind of dynamic telephone book, which we have named
  iCAMS. We performed user studies for eight weeks in Tokyo with a group of
  students and with a group of small-office workers. By analyzing the
  communication logs, questionnaires and interviews we conducted with the
  users, we evaluated our system.}
}

@InProceedings{song:state,
  author = {Browser State Repository Service},
  title = {Henry Song and Hao-hua Chu and Nayeem Islam and Shoji Kurakake and
  Masaji Katagiri},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {253--266},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140253.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140253.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {We introduce browser state repository (BSR) service that allows a
  user to save and restore multiple independent snapshots of web sessions on a
  browser. At a later time, the user can retrieve any saved snapshot on a
  potentially different browser on a different device to continue any one of
  the chosen saved session in any order. The web session snapshot captures a
  complete browser running state, including the last page that appears on the
  browser, document object state, script state, values that a user enters in
  forms on the last page, browser history for back and forward pages, and
  cookies. BSR service consists of a browser plug-in that takes browser session
  snapshots, and a repository server that stores snapshots securely for each
  user. The main contribution of BSR service is that it decouples association
  between browser state and a device, in favor of association between browser
  state and its user.}
}

@InProceedings{hori:annotation,
  author = {Masahiro Hori and Kouichi Ono and Teruo Koyanagi and Mari Abe},
  title = {Annotation by Transformation for the Automatic Generation of Content
  Customization Metadata},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {267--281},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140267.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140267.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {Users are increasingly accessing the Internet from mobile devices
  as well as conventional desktop computers. However, it is not reasonable to
  expect content authors to create different data presentations for each device
  type, but the content source should be reused across multiple delivery
  contexts whenever possible. The objective of this research is to develop a
  supporting tool for the presentation customization that follows after the
  content specialization in device-independent authoring. This paper presents a
  tool that automatically generates content customization metadata on the basis
  of users' editing operations toward the desired results of the customization.
  A prototype of the metadata generator was developed for the generation of
  page-clipping annotations to be used for an annotation-based transcoding
  system.}
}

@InProceedings{chen:scan,
  author = {Yan Chen and Randy H. Katz and John D. Kubiatowicz},
  title = {{SCAN}: A Dynamic, Scalable, and Efficient Content Distribution
  Network},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {2414},
  pages = {282--296},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Zurich},
  URL =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140282.htm},
  URLpdf =
  {http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2414/24140282.pdf},
  keyword = {pervasive computing},
  abstract = {We present SCAN, the Scalable Content Access Network. SCAN
  combines dynamic replica placement with a self-organizing application-level
  multicast tree to meet client QoS and server resource constraints. It
  utilizes an underlying distributed object routing and location system (DOLR)
  as an essential component. Simulation results on both flash-crowd-like
  synthetic workloads and real Web server traces show that SCAN deploys close
  to an optimal number of replicas, achieves good load balance, and incurs a
  small delay and bandwidth penalty for update multicast relative to static
  replica placement on IP multicast. We envision that SCAN could enhance a
  number of different applications, such as content distribution and
  peer-to-peer file sharing.}
}

@InProceedings{pavel:sip,
  author = {Dana Pavel and Dirk Trossen},
  title = {Context-Awareness and {SIP}: Enabling User-tailored Communication in
  the {Internet}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {1--9},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{jones:retrieval,
  author = {Gareth~J.~F. Jones and Peter~J. Brown},
  title = {Context-Aware Retrieval for Pervasive Computing Environments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {10--27},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{maffioletti:ubidev,
  author = {Sergio Maffioletti and B\'eat Hirsbrunner},
  title = {UbiDev: An Homogeneous Environment for Ubiquitous Interactive
  Devices},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {28--40},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{chen:pervasive,
  author = {Guanling Chen and David Kotz},
  title = {{Solar}: An Open Platform for Context-Aware Mobile Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {June},
  pages = {41--47},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  URL = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/chen:pervasive.ps.Z},
  URLpdf = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/chen:pervasive.pdf},
  keyword = {mobile computing, ubicomp, context-aware},
  abstract = {Emerging pervasive computing technologies transform the way we
  live and work by embedding computation in our surrounding environment. To
  avoid increasing complexity, and allow the user to concentrate on her tasks,
  applications in a pervasive computing environment must automatically adapt to
  their changing \emph{context}, including the user state and the physical and
  computational environment in which they run. Solar is a middleware platform
  to help these ``context-aware'' applications aggregate desired context from
  heterogeneous sources and to locate environmental services depending on the
  current context. By moving most of the context computation into the
  infrastructure, Solar allows applications to run on thin mobile clients more
  effectively. By providing an open framework to enable dynamic injection of
  context processing modules, Solar shares these modules across many
  applications, reducing application development cost and network traffic. By
  distributing these modules across network nodes and reconfiguring the
  distribution at runtime, Solar achieves parallelism and online load
  balancing.}
}

@InProceedings{weinstein:face,
  author = {Eugene Weinstein and Purdy Ho and Bernd Heisele and Tomaso Poggio
  and Ken Steele and Anant Agarwal},
  title = {Handheld Face Identification Technology in a Pervasive Computing
  Environment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {48--54},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{evers:localization,
  author = {Leon Evers and Wouter Bach and Dennis Dam and Mischa Jonker and
  Hans Scholten and Paul Havinga},
  title = {An Iterative Quality-based Localization Algorithm for Ad Hoc
  Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {55--61},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{strassner:impact,
  author = {Martin Strassner and Thomas Schoch},
  title = {Today's Impact of Ubiquitous Computing on Business Processes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {62--74},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{mamei:co-fields,
  author = {Marco Mamei and Letizia Leonardi and Michael Mahan and Franco
  Zambonelli},
  title = {Coordinating Mobility in a Pervasive Computing Scenario with
  Co-Fields},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {75--88},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{gruteser:responsive,
  author = {Marco Gruteser},
  title = {Towards Responsive Context-Aware Environments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {89--98},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{signer:avalanche,
  author = {Beat Signer and Moira C. Norrie and Peter Giessbuehler and Daniel
  Heiniger},
  title = {Telephone Interface for Avalanche Warnings based on Information
  Server for Adaptable Content Delivery},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {99--111},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{mitsudo:eye,
  author = {Yuichi Mitsudo and Ken Mogi},
  title = {Real Eye Communicator: An Eye-mediated Real World Pointing Device},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {112--118},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{bakos:mersenne,
  author = {Bal\'azs Bakos and Szabolcs Fodor and Jukka K. Nurminen},
  title = {Distributed Computing With Mobile Phones: An Experiment with
  Mersenne Prime Search},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {119--133},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}

@InProceedings{gajos:empowerment,
  author = {Krzysztof Gajos and Harold Fox and Howard Shrobe},
  title = {End User Empowerment in Human Centered Pervasive Computing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive
  Computing (Short paper)},
  year = {2002},
  month = {August},
  pages = {134--140},
  address = {Zurich},
  note = {In an informal companion volume of short papers.},
  keyword = {pervasive computing}
}