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 ETH Zurich :
Computer Science :
Pervasive Computing :
Distributed Systems :
Events :
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Lectures
Summer School on Wireless Sensor Networks and Smart Objects
Aug 29 - Sept 3, 2005, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany
Lectures
Jan Beutel
Real-world Sensor Networks: Experiences in Design and
Deployment (90 min), with Koen Langendoen
To a large part driven by the achievements in miniaturization, the advances
in integration of complex wireless integrated products and the increase in
performance and functionality of the design tools, the requirements and
properties of a single device are today well understood. Yet it is not
simple and straightforward to implement the wireless sensor network concepts
into a functional prototype system or even a commercial product. The
interaction of many devices is often underestimated and design, test,
deployment and validation of wireless sensor networks today are in their
infancy, posing hard research and technological questions. Especially
wireless sensor networks are often proposed to follow a cross-layer
approach, taking care of many design decisions and requirements from a
unified standpoint. In the experience gained from the implementation of
wireless sensor network experiments it has been shown that the system
aspects are much more complex than initially anticipated. But development
today is hard, error prone and repetitive.
In this tutorial, we discuss aspects of system design, development and
deployment based on the experience of real wireless
sensor network experiments. Basic paradigms and processes of embedded
systems design are presented, including problems and pitfalls. Taking a
closer look at the development process of prototypical applications we
reveal that putting a functional and operable sensor network in place is
currently an art relying on many soft factors that are hard to
control/predict. We further discuss related and own work in the domain of
wireless sensor networks that tries to close the gap between current
proof-of-concept to real-world sensor networks. We argue that in order to
fully understand the complexity of the matter from a system perspective it
is necessary to not only model and/or simulate but also to implement and
test on real world systems. A detailed example based on the BTnode platform
shows how to account for prerequisites found in real devices.
Slides
Suggested Reading
- R. Szewczyk, A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, J. Anderson, and D. Culler:
An
analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application. In Proc. 2nd ACM
Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2004), pages 214-226. ACM
Press, New York, November 2004.
- J. Gray. Why do computers stop
and what can be done about it? In Proc. 5th
Symp. Reliability in Distributed Software and Database Systems (SRDS 86),
pages 3-12, January 1986.
- D. Kotz, C. Newport, and C. Elliott:
The mistaken axioms of wireless-network
research. Technical Report TR2003-467, Dartmouth College Computer Science,
July 2003.
- G. Werner-Allen, P. Swieskowski, and M. Welsh:
MoteLab: A wireless sensor
network testbed. In Proc. 4th Int'l Conf. Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN '05), pages 483-488. IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, April 2005.
- L. Girod, T. Stathopoulos, N. Ramanathan, J. Elson, D. Estrin, E. Osterweil,
and T. Schoellhammer:
A System for Simulation, Emulation, and Deployment of
Heterogeneous Sensor Networks, In Proc. of SenSys 2004.
- J. Beutel, M. Dyer, M. Hinz, L. Meier, and M. Ringwald:
Next-generation
prototyping of sensor networks. In Proc. 2nd ACM Conf. Embedded Networked
Sensor Systems (SenSys 2004), pages 291-292. ACM Press, New York, November
2004.
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Holger Karl
Transport Protocols and Quality of Service for Wireless
Sensor Networks (90 min)
The service obtained from ``classical'' networks like the
Internet and from sensor networks differ. The Internet is supposed
to transport independent byte streams and intermediate nodes
do not know more. In a sensor network the nodes collaborate and
interact with the environment, the nodes know the data they carry.
A key requirement is reliability. In sensor networks reliability
refers not only to the eventual delivery of data packets (transport
reliability), but also to the ability to detect physical phenomena
in the first place. The coverage of a sensor network is thus an
important consideration.
This talk discusses protocols and approaches to deal with
reliability in a sensor network; we refer to these somewhat sloppily
as transport protocols. These protocols are not ``cleanly'' placed
on top of some network layer protocol. Instead, the unique
constraints of sensor networks call for careful cross-layer design.
Slides
Suggested Reading
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Koen Langendoen
Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control (90 min)
In contrast to typical WLAN designs, which optimize for latency,
throughput and fairness, WSN-specific MAC protocols focus on energy
consumption and memory footprint. Impressive energy savings can be
obtained by putting the radio into sleep mode for long periods of
time, and a wide range of new MAC protocols have been proposed in
the last few years.
This tutorial surveys about 20 WSN-specific MAC protocols and
classifies them according to three key issues: number of used
channels, degree of organization, and notification mechanism. Four
MAC protocols (S-MAC, T-MAC, Low-power listening and LMAC) will be
studied in depth, including a head-to-head comparison on a common
simulation framework. The tutorial concludes with a number of
generic guidelines for energy-efficient MAC design.
Slides
Suggested Reading
Distributed Localization Algorithms (90 min)
This tutorial studies the problem of determining the node locations
in ad-hoc sensor networks. We compare three distributed localization
algorithms (Ad-hoc positioning, Robust positioning, and N-hop
multilateration) on a single simulation platform. The algorithms
share a common, three-phase structure: 1) determine node-anchor
distances, 2) compute node positions, and 3) optionally refine the
positions through an iterative procedure. We present a detailed
analysis comparing the various alternatives for each phase, as well
as a head-to-head comparison of the complete algorithms.
Slides
Suggested Reading
Real-World Sensor Networks: Experiences in Design and Deployment,
with Jan Beutel
This presentation is about my experience with a
real-world deployment of sensor networks (precision agriculture).
Slides
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Marc Langheinrich
Privacy Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (90 min)
Wireless sensor networks exemplify for many the grave threats inherent in
ubiquitous computing, namely the comprehensive and invisible monitoring of
our everyday lives. In my lecture I want to summarize the concept of
personal privacy and its legal realities today, before moving on to
illustrate the implications of widespread sensor networks deployment and
discuss possible technical and social remedies.
Slides
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Pedro J. Marron
Middleware Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks (90 min)
The increase in the complexity of application scenarios and the
heterogeneity of available hardware for sensor networks have led to the
development of a variety of middleware approaches that aim at providing
the user with the right level of abstraction for the underlying system. In
this lecture, we will discuss the different types of middleware approaches
available today and dwell in more depth into some of the more
representative examples of each class, learning in the process how these
systems deal with the typical characteristics of sensor networks.
Slides
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Friedemann Mattern
Introduction (60 min), with Kay Roemer
We give a thematic overview of the summer school and introduce lecturers
and participants.
Slides
Technologies for Smart Everyday Objects (90 min)
The prospects of a world full of of smart things that "talk" to each
other and that are able to communicate with us are fascinating, leading
to many new applications and opportunities. However, we are moving
only gradually towards this vision - much progress in computer science,
communications engineering, material science and other research domains
is necessary to render the vision of smart objects economically feasible and
to overcome current technological hurdles.
In our presentation we will first take a broader view and identify some
long-term technological trends which - by extrapolation - give us some
hints on what to expect in the future in areas such as communication,
computing, localization, and remote identification. We shall then take
a closer look at some technologies (e.g., RFID). We will also discuss
possible applications for cooperating everyday objects and try to analyze
the social consequences of a world that is populated by smart things.
Slides
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Marcelo Pias
Introduction to the Application Competition (30 min)
Details on the application competition are available
here. In this session, we briefly
announce the competition and its rules.
Evaluation of the Application Competition (30 min)
Details on the application competition are available
here. In this session, we
present and evaluate the submissions and give prizes to
the authors of the best ideas.
Slides
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Joe Polastre and Rob Szewczyk
Introduction to TinyOS and Mote Experimentation (90 min)
In this lecture, we give an overview of TinyOS, the Tmote sky
hardware platform, and basics about how to use these technologies
to implement sensor network applications. Details on the TinyOS
tutorial are available
here.
Slides
Suggested Reading
-
David Gay, Phil Levis, Rob von Behren, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, and
David Culler:
The nesC Language: A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems,
In Proceedings of Programming Language Design and
Implementation (PLDI) 2003, June 2003.
- Philip Levis, Sam Madden, David Gay, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk,
Alec Woo, Eric Brewer, David Culler:
The Emergence of Networking Abstractions and Techniques in TinyOS,
In Proceedings of the First
USENIX/ACM Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
(NSDI 2004). San Francisco, CA. March 29-31, 2004.
TinyOS Installation
During this evening session, we assist participants with the
installation of TinyOS on their laptops. All attendees are required to
have a laptop computer with a CD-ROM drive and USB that runs Windows
2000 or Windows XP. Other operating systems will not be supported for
this tutorial.
TinyOS Hands-On Tutorial (full day)
During this tutorial, participants can gain hands-on experience with
building actual sensor networks using TinyOS and Telos motes.
Details on the TinyOS tutorial are available
here.
The tutorial lasts for one full day and will be given twice for about
half of the participants each.
Slides
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Kay Roemer
We give a thematic overview of the summer school and introduce lecturers
and participants.
Slides
Time Synchronization for Sensor Networks (90 min)
Time synchronization is a fundamental service in sensor networks,
for example, to merge sensor data from different sensor nodes,
or to coordinate sensor nodes for access to the communication
channel. In this lecture we discuss fundamental challenges and
approaches for time synchronization in sensor networks. We also
present and discuss concrete synchronization algorithms used in
sensor networks.
Slides
Suggested Reading
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Albrecht Schmidt
From Sensors to Context (90 min)
Building sensor network applications and smart objects is inherently
connected to building systems that sense phenomena in the real world.
In the lecture an overview of sensors commonly used and their
properties will be given. To create meaningful information in the
application domain raw sensor information is processed and abstracted.
Mechanisms and methods for relating sensor information to context and
situations will be shown. Additionally general problems that are
associated with sensing context will be addressed.
Slides
Embedded Interaction (60 min)
Challenges for creating objects and systems that detect interaction
and react appropriately are at the centre of this lecture. Often
interaction with augmented objects is implicit and closely connected
to a task or action the user is doing in his or her non-computational
environment. In this lecture selected models for interaction with
smart objects and intelligent environments will be discussed. Basic
design principles, guidelines, tools, and methods for creating
interactive systems on top of sensor and actuator systems will be
presented.
Slides
Videos on Novel User Interfaces (45 min + 60 min exercice)
In recent years different novel user interfaces that use embedded
sensors and actuators have been built and published. Often research
videos are used as a method to communicate the main concepts and
findings to the research community. In this session selected videos
will be shown and discussed. This aims to provide an overview of novel
interactive systems, with a particular focus on sensor based user
interfaces, smart objects, and tangible user interfaces. Additionally
this session will show how videos can be used as an efficient form for
presenting research results. After the session a practical exercise in
making a concept video using still images will be offered.
Videos
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All Lecturers and Participants
Participants' Workshop (6 h distributed over 2 days)
Selected participants give a 15 minutes presentation on their
work and interests. The workshop is distributed over two days and
runs in parallel to the TinyOS tutorial, so about half of the
participants will be able to attend each session of the workshop.
Top of page.
Further Reading
Below is a list of books which are related to the topics of this
summer school.
-
Protocols and Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks: H. Karl and
A. Willig, Wiley, Chichester, 2005, ISBN 0-470-09510-5.
-
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach:
F. Zhao and L. Guibas, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, ISBN 1-55860-914-8.
- Ambient Intelligence, W. Weber, E. Aarts and J.M. Rabaey (eds.), Springer,
Berlin, 2004, ISBN 3-540-23867-0.
-
Wireless Sensor Networks: C. S. Raghavendra, K. M. Sivalingam, T. Znati
(eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, ISBN 1-4020-7883-8.
-
Wireless Sensor Networks: A Systems Perspective: N. Bulusu and S. Jha
(eds.), Artech House, 2005, ISBN 1-5805-3867-3.
- Handbook of Sensor Networks: Algorithms and Architectures: I. Stojmenovic
(ed.), Wiley and Sons, 2005, ISBN 0-471-68472-4.
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Last updated June 20 2023 01:45:14 PM MET kr